中文论文文摘

    造纸工业三废排放导致的环境污染，其中以水污染最为突出。在现有的造纸企业中，以草类原料为主要制浆方法的中小企业居多。这些企业设备落后管理不够完善，而且由于草浆黑液碱回收存在的技术问题及受企业生产规模或资金的限制，黑液提取率低，相关的科研与技术的推广仍停留在较小规模和较低水平,导致废液治理的比例低。部分制浆废液随中段废水一起进入好氧生物处理系统，造成中段废水排放量更大，成分更加复杂，有害物质含量增加。在我国极为重视环境污染的今天，如何消除草浆中段废水对好氧微生物的抑制性，提高好氧物生物处理效率，已经成为我国工业废水污染防治的焦点、热点和难点问题。
    本课题针对这一问题，采用静态测定方法和动态测定方法，即BOD5/ CODcr比值法和瓦氏呼吸仪法相结合对草浆中段废水可生化性作全面的评价。研究了不同制浆和漂白方法草浆中段废水的可生化性。研究结果表明：草浆烧碱蒽醌法和硫酸盐法制浆产生的中段废水好氧可生化性良好。用BOD5/ CODcr值表示的静态可生化性同用瓦氏呼吸仪法测得的动态可生化性结果一致。草浆碱性亚硫酸钠法和中性亚铵法制浆产生的中段废水可生化性受到洗浆废液中SO32-、NH4+等有害物质的抑制，可生化性较差。而且动态和静态两种测定结果不一致。该结论可以为在许多纸厂处理这两种中段废水所测BOD5/ CODcr值较高，但是实际的好氧生物处理效果确较差的现象提供合理的解释。通过反复实验得出草浆不同制浆方法中段废水可生化性顺序为：烧碱蒽醌法＞硫酸盐法＞碱性亚钠法＞中性亚铵法。
    相同的制浆方法不同的漂白方法产生的草浆中段废水可生化性高低顺序大致相同。不论哪种制浆方法经HP两段漂白后产生的中段废水可生化性都是最佳的，而CEH三段漂白中CE段出水可生化性都是最差的。可见如果要提高草浆中段废水可生化性尽量减少或消除漂白剂中的元素氯，是行之有效的。在四种不同制浆方法对次氯酸盐漂白一沉池进水同CEH漂白一沉池进水可生化性的比较中，两者的单位活性污泥耗氧量都在同一个数量级上，相距很近。由于瓦氏呼吸仪本身的精度不高，虽然不能对两者可生化性高低下具体的结论，但是可以肯定的是两者可生化性的表现十分相似。
    另外由于部分草浆制浆废液也随中段废水一起进入好氧生物处理系统。因此研究中段废水对好氧微生物抑制作用必须要考虑制浆废液中的有害成分对好氧微生物的抑制作用。本课题也初步探讨了草类原料四种不同制浆方法产生的废液对好氧微生物抑制作用的临界值范围。研究结果表明，草浆烧碱蒽醌法制浆黑液对好氧微生物产生抑制作用的COD浓度临界值小于4500mg/L，位于4500～4000 mg/L之间；硫酸盐法COD浓度临界值小于4000mg/L，位于4000～3000 mg/L之间；碱性亚钠法COD浓度临界值小于3000mg/L，位于3000～2000 mg/L之间；亚铵法COD浓度临界值小于1500mg/L，位于1500～1200 mg/L之间。实验结果进一步证明了亚钠法和亚铵法制浆废液中有害物质如SO32-、NH4+等对好氧微生物的抑制作用较为明显，可生化性差，COD浓度临界值较低。因此在采用这两种制浆方式的造纸厂中，要特别注意制浆废液混入中段废水中的比例，若不注意控制导致制浆废液大量混入进入好氧生物处理系统，则会极大地其降低处理效果。
    本课题对草类原料不同制浆漂白方法中段废水可生化性作了系统的研究。不仅填补了草浆中段废水好氧可生化性基础研究上的空白，而且可以为国内各草浆造纸厂的废水生化处理系统的顺利运行，提供有效的指导。有较高的理论价值和应用价值。

外文论文文摘

    Papermaking industry lets out the castoff, wastewater and exhaust gas, which will lead environment pollution. Further more, middle and small plants hold on bigger proportionment in domestic papermaking industry. Because of behindhand equipments and incomplete management, these plants haven’t enough ability to treat all wastewater. Correlative research and technology don’t extend quickly in them. Partial blow liquir enter aerobe’s wastewater treatment system with midcourse wastewater, which make midcourse wastewater to bigger and more complexity. It increases midcourse wastewater’s toxicity. Today our country put importance on environment pollution. It has become a focus and difficulty problem, which eliminate midcourse wastewater’s toxicity and increase its biochemical trait.
    To aim at this problem, this study makes use of static and dynamic method. BOD5/ CODcr ratio is static method. Warburg breathing equipment is dynamic method. This article researched midcourse wastewater biochemical trait of different pulping and bleaching ways. Straw midcourse wastewater’s biochemical trait of Soda-AQ cooking and Kraft cooking is good. The results of biochemical trait using static and dynamic methods are the same. Straw midcourse wastewater’s biochemical trait of Arbiso cooking and Ammonia base sufite cooking is not good. Because they been restrained by SO32- and NH4+ ions in washing wastewater. Further more, the results of biochemical trait using static and dynamic methods are not the same. In realistic treatment, many plants that use two cooking methods mensurate a better BOD5/ CODcr ratio, but get a worse effect. This experiment phenomenon can explain this problem well. Through reiterative experiments, we get a straw midcourse wastewater’s biochemical trait order with different cooking ways. The order is Soda-AQ cooking＞Kraft cooking＞Arbiso cooking＞Ammonia base sufite cooking.
    Straw midcourse wastewater’s biochemical trait orders equal approximatively with same cooking methods and different bleaching methods. In spite of cooking methods, straw midcourse wastewater’s biochemical trait is the best with hypochlorite-peroxide bleaching. However biochemical trait is the worst with CE segment wastewater. If paper making plants want to increase biochemical treatment efficiency. It is obvious that they must reduce or eliminate chlorine element in bleaching reagent. Comparing hypochlorite bleaching wastewater with CEH bleaching wastewater, the quantity of premilligram activated sludge consuming oxygen is very close. Because the precision of Warburg breathing equipment is not high, both biochemical traits can’t be confirmed well and truly. Whereas, we are worth, both biochemical traits behave very similarly.
    On the side, Partial blow liquir enter aerobe’s wastewater treatment system with midcourse wastewater. So research midcourse wastewater restrains aerobe, poisonous matter in cooking wastewater must be calculated. This article studies critical initially, which four kinds of straw blow liquir restrain aerobe. Critical COD concentration is less than 4500mg/L and between 4500mg/L and 4000mg/L, which Soda-AQ cooking wastewater restrain aerobe. Kraft cooking wastewater’s critical COD concentration is less than 4000mg/L and between 4000mg/L and 3000mg/L. Arbiso cooking wastewater’s critical COD concentration is less than 3000mg/L and between 3000mg/L and 2000mg/L. Ammonia base sufite cooking wastewater’s critical COD concentration is less than 1500mg/L and between 1500mg/L and 1200mg/L. This experiment conclusion more attest to restraining effect of poisonous matter in blow liquir, such as SO32- and NH4+ ions. Therefore, if plants adopt Arbiso and Ammonia base sufite cooking, they must pay attention to blow liquir ratio that enter midcourse wastewater. A mass of blow liquir inflood aerobe’s wastewater treatment system will reduce aerobe treatment efficiency.
    This article researches straw midcourse wastewater biochemical traits of different cooking and bleaching methods systematicly. It not only fills up the blank of basic research about straw midcourse wastewater biochemical traits, but also makes wastewater aerobe treatment system run more successfully. This article is able to provide an economic and reasonable treatment way for paper making plants. This study has a high value on theory and economy.